KEHADIRAN MOTIF CERITA MADAME BOVARY (1856) KARYA GUSTAVE FLAUBERT DALAM HIKAYAT SITI MARIAH (1910--1912) KARYA HADJI MOEKTI: KAJIAN SASTRA BANDINGAN
DOI:
10.26499/wdprw.v51i2.1133Downloads
Abstract
The presence of Madame Bovary's story motif (1856) in Indonesian literature, especially Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912) provides evidence that there is a reception of similar between French and Dutch colonial or Indonesian. This paper aims to (1) find out the ideas of the two texts in displaying similar story motif, (2) the form of respons from Madame Bovary (1856) in the Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912), and (3) the significance of Madame Bovary's presence (1856) in the Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912) as a social response. This paper uses a comparative literary point of view by considering the social context as a response. The objects are Madame Bovary (1856) by Gustave Flaubert and Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912) by Hadji Moekti and the significance of the presence of Madame Bovary in Indonesian literature. The research data consists of the content or ideas of the two texts, the spirit of age, and the social context. Data interpretation is done by comparing the content or ideas of the two texts by considering the social context of each text. The results obtained are (1) the two texts present ideas against the bourgeois class resistance by using symbols of women and sexuality, (2) the Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912) takes the motive of the story to attack the Dutch capitalists and liberal groups who construct the identities of the colonized subjects, and (3) the presence of the text of Madame Bovary (1856) in Indonesian literature shows a global anti-colonial spirit.
Â
Kehadiran motif cerita Madame Bovary (1856) dalam sastra Indonesia terutama Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912) memberikan bukti terdapat resepsi atas semangat dan persoalan yang serupa antara masyarakat Prancis dan tanah jajahan Belanda atau Indonesia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui gagasan kedua teks tersebut dalam menampilkan motif cerita yang serupa, (2) mengetahui wujud sambutan dari Madame Bovary (1856) dalam teks Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912), dan (3) mengetahui makna kehadiran Madame Bovary (1856) dalam teks Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912) sebagai satu respon sosial. Tulisan ini mengunakan sudut pandang sastra bandingan dengan mempertimbangkan konteks sosial sebagai satu respon. Objek tulisan ini adalah Madame Bovary (1856) karya Gustave Flaubert dan Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912) karya Hadji Moekti dan makna kehadiran teks Madame Bovary dalam sastra Indonesia. Data penelitian ini terdiri atas isi atau gagasan dari kedua teks, semangat zaman, dan konteks sosial. Interpretasi data dilakukan dengan membandingkan isi atau gagasan kedua teks dengan mempertimbangkan konteks sosial masing-masing teks. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah (1) kedua teks menghadirkan gagasan terhadap perlawanan kelas borjuis dengan memanfaatkan simbol perempuan dan seksualitas, (2) teks Hikayat Siti Mariah (1910--1912) mengambil motif cerita untuk menyerang kaum kapitalis dan golongan liberal Belanda yang mengkonstruksi identitas  subjek terjajah, dan (3) kehadiran teks Madame Bovary (1856) dalam sastra Indonesia menunjukan semangat anti penjajahan yang mengglobal terutama kolonialisme.Â
Keywords:
comperative literature, Madame Bovary, Hikayat Siti Mariah, bourgeois class, sastra bandingan, kelas borjuisReferences
Anwar, A. 2010. Teori Sosial Sastra. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.
Asna, L., & Amin, N. 2022. Hermeneutics of Reception by Hans Robert Jauss: An Alternative Approach Toward Quranic Studies. InternationalJournal Ihya’ ‘Ulum Al-Din, 12(2), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.21580/ihya.24.2.13092
Barnet, J. 1970. The Sociology of Art. In A. C. Milton (Ed.), The Sociology of Art and Litetature : A Reader. New York and Washington: Praeger Publishers.
Flaubert, G. 1990. Nyonya Bovary (terjemahan; W. Arifin, ed.). Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Gifford, H. 1995. Comperative Literature, a critical introduction. Oxford UK & Cambridge USA: Blackwell.
Greene, R. 1999. Their generation. In C. Bernheimer (Ed.), Comperative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Unversity Press.
Husen, I. S. 2001. Mengenal Pengarang-Pengarang Prancis dari Abad ke Abad. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Hutapea, K. 2002. Novel Madame Bovary Karya Gustave Flaubert dan Belenggu Karya Armijn Pane (Telaah Bandingan Penokohan Frotagonis Wanita). In B. Trisman (Ed.), Antologi Esai Sastra Bandingan dalam Sastra Indonesia Modern (pp. 70–79). Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
Iser, W. 1987. The Act of Reading, a theory of aesthetic response. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Jost, F. 1974. Introduction to Comperative Literature. Indianpolis & New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc.
Juliani, F. 2018. Perjuangan Perempuan dalam Novel Para Pawestri Pejuang Karya Suparto Brata dan Novel God’s Callgirl Karya Carla Van Raay (Kajian Sastra Bandingan). ELite Journal : International Journal of Education, Language, and Literature, 1(2), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.30651/lf.v2i2.1735
Kadir, H. A. 2017. Komparasi Munculnya Liberalisme Ekonomi di Indonesia dan Burma. Lembaran Sejarah, 13(2), 163–185. https://doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.33541
Kartodirjo, S. 1990. Pengantar Sejarah Indonesia Baru: Sejarah Pergerakan Nasional Dari Kolonialisme sampai Nasionalisme Jilid 2. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Moleong, L. J. 2007. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Rosda.
Mukti, H. (n.d.). Hikayat Siti Mariah. In Binatang Timur. Djakarta: Bintang Timur.
Nas, P. J. ., & Suryochondro, S. 1978. Classic Essays on the City in Indonesia. Jakarta: Fakultas Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, Universitas Indonesia.
Ningsih, D. H. F., & Andalas, E. F. 2021. Perbandingan Kehidupan Sosial Perempuan Indonesia dan Malaysia pada Kumcer Perempuan, Cinta, dan Kehidupan. Onil: Jurnal Kajian Sastra, Teater Dan Sinema, 18(2), 92–107. https://doi.org/10.24821/tnl.v18i2
Reni, F., & Syam, I. 2018. The Affair and Betrayal in The Murder Investigation as Seen in Paula Hawkins’ The Girl on The Train. Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole, 02(1), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v2i1.332
Riffaterre, M. 1999. On the complementary of comperative literature and cultural studies. In C. Bernheimer (Ed.), Comperative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.
Ritzer, G. 2000. Sociological Theory. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Riyanto, B. 2017. Hibriditas Budaya Indies Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Gaya Desain Grafis Indonesia Kontemporer. Mudra Jurnal Seni Budaya, 32(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v32i1.17
Safron, E. A. 2020. The Legacy of German Romanticism in Russian Urban Fantasy. Nauchnyi Dialog, 12(December 31), 196–207. https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-12-196-207
Smith, S. B. 2016. Chapter 11. Flaubert and the Aesthetics of the Antibourgeois. In Modernity and Its Discontents:Making and Unmaking the Bourgeois from Machiavelli to Bellow (pp. 223–242). https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300198393.003.0011
Sobkovych, O. 2019. Folk poetics in creative work of Petro Kholodnyi Senior. Bulletin of Lviv National Academy of Arts, 42(December 27), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.37131/2524-0943-2019-42-10
Soemanto, B. 2002. Godot di Amerika dan Indonesia, suatu studi banding. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Susanto, D. 2019. Narasi Identitas Subjek Perempuan dalam Gadis Kolot (1939) Karya Soei Lie Piet: Kajian Kritik Sastra Feminis Pascakolonial. Mozaik Humaniora, 9(2), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.20473/mozaik.v19i2.13890
Susanto, D. 2022. Indonesian Islamic Poets Ambivalence under the Ductch Colonialism in the 1930s. Akademika, Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 27(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v27i1.4294
Sutrisno, E. 2017. Moral is political, Nations of ideal citizenship in Lie Kim Hok’s Hikajat Khonghoetjoe. Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 18(1), 183–215. https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v18i1.577
Toer, P. A. 1985. Sang Pemula. Jakarta: Hasta Mitra.
Yuniar, D., Darni, & Yuwana, S. 2020. The Struggle of Women Against Patriarkat Capitalism in Luka Asep Novel by Nafi’ah Al Ma’rab (Vandana Shiva Ecofeminism Perspective). Jurnal Education and Development, 8(1), 176–181.
